domingo, 8 de março de 2009

Human Rigths


Currently, human rights are violated everyday all over the world, despite the effort that organisations of human rights defence put in to stop it. In the past, human rights were said overrated, and many times ignored and explored based in the gender, colour, or origin of a person. That has got in better, because people have been taking conscience of this problem, and there are groups and organisations that try to stop this recurrent phenom that happens often in the society. Though the problem is getting solved, we still have a long way to go until we can stop the exploration and violation of human rights. The best we can do is announce every known situation and support the defence organisations.

Group rights in the name of equality

More recently though group rights are seen as an instrument to actively facilitate the realisation of equality.

This is where the group is regarded as being in a situation such that it needs special protective rights if its members are to enjoy human rights on terms equal with the majority of the population. Examples of such groups may include indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, women, children and the disabled. This discourse may takes place in the context of negative and positive rights in that some commentators and policy makers conceptualise equality as not only a negative right, in the sense of ensuring freedom from discrimination, but also a positive right, in that the realisation of equality requires action by others or the state. In this respect group rights may aim to ensure equal opportunity and/or attempt to actively redress inequality.

Language discrimination

Diversity of language is protected and respected by most nations who value cultural diversity. However, people are sometimes subjected to different treatment because their preferred language is associated with a particular group, class or category. Commonly, the preferred language is just another attribute of separate ethnic groups. Discrimination exists if there is prejudicial treatment against a person or a group of people who speak a particular language or dialect.

Genetic discrimination


Genetic discrimination occurs when people are treated differently by their employer or insurance company because they have a gene mutation that causes or increases the risk of an inherited disorder.

People who undergo genetic testing may be at risk for genetic discrimination.
The results of a genetic test are normally included in a person's medical records. When a person applies for life, disability, or health insurance, in some countries the insurance company may ask to look at these records before making a decision about coverage. An employer may also have the right to look at an employee's medical records. As a result, genetic test results could affect a person's insurance coverage or employment. People making decisions about genetic testing should be aware that when test results are placed in their medical records, the results might not be kept private.

Gender discrimination


Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. Discrimination of that nature in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries.
Socially, sexual differences have been used to justify different roles for men and women, in some cases giving rise to claims of primary and secondary roles.
While there are alleged non-physical differences between men and women, major reviews of the academic literature on gender difference find only a tiny minority of characteristics where there are consistent psychological differences between men and women, and these relate directly to experiences grounded in biological difference

Age discrimination

Theoretically the word can refer to the discrimination against any age group but age discrimination usually comes in one of three forms: discrimination against youth, discrimination against those 40 years old or older , and discrimination against elderly people.

In many countries, companies more or less openly refuse to hire people above a certain age despite the increasing lifespans and average age of the population. The reasons for this range from vague feelings that younger people are more "dynamic" and create a positive image for the company, to more concrete concerns about regulations granting older employees higher salaries or other benefits without these expenses being fully justified by an older employees' greater experience

Stereotypes of Asians


Stereotypes of Asian People, specifically East Asians, like other stereotypes, are often manifest in a society's media, literature, theater and other creative expressions. In many instances, media portrayals of Asians often reflect the dominant Eurocentric ideas of them rather than their actual customs and behaviors. However, these stereotypes have repercussions for Asians and Asian immigrants in daily interactions, current events, and governmental legislation. Asians have experienced discrimination and have been victims of hate crimes related to their ethnic stereotypes.

Asian Americans are also stereotyped with positive traits. Asians are seen as hardworking, politically inactive, studious, intelligent, productive, and inoffensive people who have elevated their social standing through merit and diligence. This label is given in contrast to other stereotypes which often accuse minorities of socially unwelcome traits, such as laziness or criminal tendencies. However, Asian Americans believe the model minority stereotype to be damaging and inaccurate, and are fighting to dispel this stereotype.

FU MACNHU: the "evil" Asian

Another stereotype of Asian people, spread by fictional characters. In The Insidious Doctor Fu-Manchu, Sax Rohmer introduces Fu Manchu as a cruel and cunning man, "with a face like Satan". Due to his enormous popularity, the "image of Fu Manchu has been absorbed into American consciousness as the archetypal Asian villain."